[...] * At the same time, the issues of data centralization versus federation, as well as data protection, remain challenges to be dealt with. New solutions are needed that balance the need for data integration with the safeguards on data protection, the demand for data centralisation with the need to respect each administration autonomy, and the requirement for ex ante homogenization with more pragmatic, on demand approaches based on the “data lake” paradigm. All this need to take place at European level, to ensure the achievement of the goals of the Tallinn declaration.